Effect of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2-associated alterations on lipid metabolism in macrophages in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) plays crucial roles in metabolic homeostasis and inflammatory response. Altered metabolic function in macrophages could modulate their activation and immune phenotype. The present study aimed to investigate the expression of TREM2 in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and to clarify the underlying mechanism of TREM2 on macrophages lipid metabolism and oxidative stress. METHODS: Hepatic TREM2 expression and its relationship with NAFLD progression were analyzed in patients with NAFLD and mice fed a high-fat diet. Lipid metabolism and oxidative stress were investigated in macrophages from NAFLD mice or stimulated with saturated fatty acids. Knockdown and overexpression of TREM2 were further explored. RESULTS: Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2+ macrophages were increased along with NAFLD development, characterized by aggravated steatosis and liver damage in humans and mice. TREM2 expression was upregulated and lipid metabolism was changed in macrophages from NAFLD mice or metabolically activated by saturated fatty acid in vitro, as demonstrated by increased lipid uptake and catabolism, but reduced de novo synthesis of fatty acids (FAs). Regulation of TREM2 expression in lipid-laden macrophages reprogrammed lipid metabolism, especially the fatty acid oxidation capacity of mitochondria. TREM2 knockdown promoted oxidative stress by aggravating FAs deposition in mitochondria. Intervention of mitochondrial FAs transport in lipid-laden macrophages alleviated FA deposition and reactive oxygen species production induced by TREM2 knockdown. CONCLUSIONS: Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 expression was associated with the lipid metabolic profile and reactive oxygen species production in macrophages. High expression of TREM2 in macrophages may protect the liver from oxidative stress in NAFLD.

Exploitation and Verification of a Stroma- and Metastasis-Associated Risk Prognostic Signature in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma.

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD), one of the most malignant tumors, not only has abundant mesenchymal components, but is also characterized by an extremely high metastatic risk. The purpose of this study was to construct a model of stroma- and metastasis-associated prognostic signature, aiming to benefit the existing clinical staging system and predict the prognosis of patients. First, stroma-associated genes were screened from the TCGA database with the ESTIMATE algorithm. Subsequently, transcriptomic data from clinical tissues in the RenJi cohort were screened for metastasis-associated genes. Integrating the two sets of genes, we constructed a risk prognostic signature by Cox and LASSO regression analysis. We then obtained a risk score by a quantitative formula and divided all samples into high- and low-risk groups based on the scores. The results demonstrated that patients with high-risk scores have a worse prognosis than those with low-risk scores, both in the TCGA database and in the RenJi cohort. In addition, tumor mutation burden, chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity and immune infiltration analysis also exhibited significant differences between the two groups. In exploring the potential mechanisms of how stromal components affect tumor metastasis, we simulated different matrix stiffness in vitro to explore its effect on EMT key genes in PAAD cells. We found that cancer cells stimulated by high matrix stiffness may trigger EMT and promote PAAD metastasis.

Regulation of the macrophage-hepatic stellate cell interaction by targeting macrophage peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma to prevent non-alcoholic steatohepatitis progression in mice.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Macrophages display remarkable plasticity and can interact with surrounding cells to affect hepatic immunity and tissue remodelling during the progression of liver diseases. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) plays a critical role in macrophage maturation, polarization and metabolism. In this study, we investigated the role of PPARγ in macrophage-hepatic stellate cell (HSC) interaction during non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) development. METHODS: Wild-type, Ppargfl/fl and PpargΔLyz2 mice were fed a methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD) diet to induce NASH. Depletion of macrophages was performed using an injection of gadolinium chloride intraperitoneally. PPARγ-overexpressing or PPARγ-knockout macrophages were stimulated with saturated fatty acid (SFA) and cocultured with HSCs in a conditioned medium or the transwell coculture system. RESULTS: Depletion of macrophages inhibited HSC activation and ameliorated NASH progression in MCD diet-fed mice. Coculturing HSCs with macrophages or culturing HSCs in a macrophage-conditioned medium-facilitated HSC activation, and this effect was magnified when macrophages were metabolically activated by SFA. Moreover, the absence of PPARγ in macrophages enhanced metabolic activation, promoting the migration and activation of HSCs through IL-1ß and CCL2. In contrast, overexpression of PPARγ in macrophages obtained the opposite effects. In vivo, macrophage-specific PPARγ knockout affected the phenotype of hepatic macrophages and HSCs, involving the MAPK and NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1ß signalling pathways. Infiltrating hepatic monocyte-derived macrophages became the predominant macrophages in NASH liver, especially in PpargΔLyz2 mice, paralleling with aggravated inflammation and fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS: Regulating macrophage PPARγ affected the metabolic activation of macrophages and their interaction with HSCs. Macrophage-specific PPARγ may be an attractive therapeutic target for protecting against NASH-associated inflammation and fibrosis.

Regulation of PPAR-γ activity in lipid-laden hepatocytes affects macrophage polarization and inflammation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

BACKGROUND: Lipid metabolism disorder and inflammatory-immune activation are vital triggers in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Various studies have shown that PPAR-γ exerts potent anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. However, little is known about the regulation of PPAR-γ activity in modulating cell crosstalk in NAFLD. AIM: To investigate whether the regulation of PPAR-γ activity in lipid-laden hepatocytes affects macrophage polarization and inflammation. METHODS: Primary hepatocytes were isolated from wild-type C57BL6/J mice or hepatocyte-specific PPAR-γ knockout mice and incubated with free fatty acids (FFAs). Macrophages were incubated with conditioned medium (CM) from lipid-laden hepatocytes with or without a PPAR-γ agonist. Wild-type C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat (HF) diet and administered rosiglitazone. RESULTS: Primary hepatocytes exhibited significant lipid deposition and increased ROS production after incubation with FFAs. CM from lipid-laden hepatocytes promoted macrophage polarization to the M1 type and activation of the TLR4/NF-κB pathway. A PPAR-γ agonist ameliorated oxidative stress and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in lipid-laden hepatocytes and subsequently prevented M1 macrophage polarization. Hepatocyte-specific PPAR-γ deficiency aggravated oxidative stress and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in lipid-laden hepatocytes, which further promoted M1 macrophage polarization. Rosiglitazone administration improved oxidative stress and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in HF diet-induced NAFLD mice in vivo. CONCLUSION: Upregulation of PPAR-γ activity in hepatocytes alleviated NAFLD by modulating the crosstalk between hepatocytes and macrophages via the reactive oxygen species-NLRP3-IL-1ß pathway.

Real-World Implementation of Neurosurgical Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Protocol for Gliomas in Patients Undergoing Elective Craniotomy.

Objective: To design a multidisciplinary enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol for glioma patients undergoing elective craniotomy and evaluate its clinical efficacy and safety after implementation in a tertiary neurosurgical center in China. Methods: ERAS protocol for glioma patients was developed and modified based on the best available evidence. Patients undergoing elective craniotomy for treatment of glioma between September 2019 to May 2021 were enrolled in a randomized clinical trial comparing a conventional neurosurgical perioperative care (control group) to an ERAS protocol (ERAS group). The primary outcome was postoperative hospital length of stay (LOS). Secondary outcomes were 30-day readmission rate, postoperative complications, duration of the drainage tube, time to first oral fluid intake, time to ambulation and functional recovery status. Results: A total of 151 patients were enrolled (ERAS group: n = 80; control group: n = 71). Compared with the control group, postoperative LOS was significantly shorter in the ERAS group (median: 5 days vs. 7 days, p<0.0001). No 30-day readmission or reoperation occurred in either group. The time of first oral intake, urinary catheter removal within 24 h and early ambulation on postoperative day (POD) 1 were earlier and shorter in the ERAS group compared with the control group (p<0.001). No statistical difference was observed between the two groups in terms of surgical- and nonsurgical-related complications. Functional recovery in terms of Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) scores both at discharge and 30-day follow-up was similar in the two groups. Moreover, no significant difference was found between the two groups in the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) scores. Conclusion: The implementation of the ERAS protocol for glioma patients offers significant benefits over conventional neurosurgical perioperative management, as it is associated with enhancing postoperative recovery, without additional perioperative complications and risks. Clinical Trial Registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=42016), identifier ChiCTR1900025108.

A Nomogram Model for Predicting Type-2 Myocardial Infarction Induced by Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the independent risk factors of type-2 myocardial infarction (T2MI) elicited by acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (AUGIB), and to establish a nomogram model for the prediction of AUGIB-induced T2MI. METHODS: A nomogram model was established on the basis of a retrospective study that involved 533 patients who suffered from AUGIB in the Department of Critical Care Medicine (CCM) or Emergency Intensive Care Unit (EICU) of Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, from January 2017 to December 2020. The predictive accuracy and discriminative power of the nomogram were initially evaluated by internal validation, which involved drawing the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calculating the area under the curve (AUC), plotting the calibration curve derived from 1000 resampled bootstrap data sets, and computing the root mean square error (RMSE). The predictive ability of the nomogram was further validated through the prospective and multicenter study conducted by the investigators, which enrolled 240 AUGIB patients [including 88 cases from Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 73 cases from Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (Qingdao), and 79 cases from Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital)], who were admitted to the Department of CCM or EICU, from February 2021 to July 2021. RESULTS: Among the 533 patients in the training cohort, 78 (14.6%) patients were assigned to the T2MI group and 455 (85.4%) patients were assigned to the non-T2MI group. The multivariate analysis revealed that age >65, hemorrhagic shock, cerebral stroke, heart failure, chronic kidney disease, increased blood urea nitrogen, decreased hematocrit, and elevated D-Dimer were independent risk factors for AUGIB-induced T2MI. All these factors were incorporated into the nomogram model. The AUC for the nomogram for predicting T2MI was 0.829 (95% CI, 0.783-0.875) in the internal validation cohort and 0.848 (95% CI, 0.794-0.902) in the external validation cohort. The calibration curve for the risk of T2MI exhibited good consistency between the prediction by the nomogram and the actual clinical observation in both the internal validation (RMSE=0.016) and external validation (RMSE=0.020). CONCLUSION: The nomogram was proven to be a useful tool for the risk stratification of T2MI in AUGIB patients, and is helpful for the early identification of AUGIB patients who are prone to T2MI for early intervention, especially in emergency departments and intensive care units.

Pulvinatusia (Brassicaceae), a new cushion genus from China and its systematic position.

The new genus and species Pulvinatusiaxuegulaensis (Brassicaceae) are described and illustrated. The species is a cushion plant collected from Xuegu La, Xizang, China. Its vegetative parts are most similar to those of Arenariabryophylla (Caryophyllaceae) co-occurring in the same region, while its leaves and fruits closely resemble those of Xerodrabapatagonica (Brassicaceae) from Patagonian Argentina and Chile. Family-level phylogenetic analyses based on both nuclear ITS and plastome revealed that it is a member of the tribe Crucihimalayeae, but the infra-/intergeneric relationships within the tribe are yet to be resolved.

Manipulation of Skyrmion Motion Dynamics for Logical Device Application Mediated by Inhomogeneous Magnetic Anisotropy.

Magnetic skyrmions are promising potential information carriers for future spintronic devices owing to their nanoscale size, non-volatility and high mobility. In this work, we demonstrate the controlled manipulation of skyrmion motion and its implementation in a new concept of racetrack logical device by introducing an inhomogeneous perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) via micromagnetic simulation. Here, the inhomogeneous PMA can be introduced by a capping nano-island that serves as a tunable potential barriers/well which can effectively modulate the size and shape of isolated skyrmion. Using the inhomogeneous PMA in skyrmion-based racetrack enables the manipulation of skyrmion motion behaviors, for instance, blocking, trapping or allowing passing the injected skyrmion. In addition, the skyrmion trapping operation can be further exploited in developing special designed racetrack devices with logic AND and NOT, wherein a set of logic AND operations can be realized via skyrmion-skyrmion repulsion between two skyrmions. These results indicate an effective method for tailoring the skyrmion structures and motion behaviors by using inhomogeneous PMA, which further provide a new pathway to all-electric skyrmion-based memory and logic devices.

Genome-wide analysis of methylation CpG sites in gene promoters identified four pairs of CpGs-mRNAs associated with lung adenocarcinoma prognosis.

BACKGROUND: Activation of oncogenes through promoter hypomethylation and silencing of tumor suppressor genes induced by promoter hypermethylation played essential roles in the progression of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). This study aimed to identify the LUAD prognostic CpG sites and the regulated genes which contributed to LUAD progression. METHODS: Methylation profiles from TCGA and GSE60645 were used to screen the differentially methylated CpGs. Then, the Log-rank test was adopted to identify LUAD prognosis-associated CpGs. Differential gene expression and survival analyses were further performed to suggest the roles of methylation-driven genes in LUAD prognosis. Finally, models and nomograms were constructed to predict the prognosis of LUAD. RESULTS: A total of 1891 CpGs at gene promoters were differentially methylated. Among them, 54 CpGs were significantly associated with LUAD prognosis. Nine of them showed significant correlations with the expression of four genes (CCDC181, CFTR, PPP1R16B, MYEOV). CCDC181, CFTR and PPP1R16B were aberrantly down-regulated in LUAD, while MYEOV was up-regulated. All of them were significantly associated with LUAD prognosis. The LASSO regression analysis indicated that tumor stages, cg09181792, cg16998150, cg22779330 and PPP1R16B were promising prognostic factors. The AUC (area under the curve) of the model containing the clinical predictors was 0.643. The combination of CpGs and PPP1R16B with clinical variables significantly improved the predictive efficiency with an AUC of 0.714 (P = 0.036). CONCLUSION: This study identified four pairs of promoter CpGs and genes that were significantly associated with LUAD prognosis. The integration of CpGs methylation and gene expression showed better predictive ability for LUAD prognosis.

Genetic variants associated with expression of TCF19 contribute to the risk of head and neck cancer in Chinese population.

BACKGROUND: Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) is one of the most common cancers worldwide and includes cancers arising from the oral cavity, pharynx and larynx. Genome-wide association studies have found several genetic variants related to the risk of SCCHN; however, they could only explain a small fraction of the heritability. Thus, more susceptibility loci associated with SCCHN need to be identified. METHODS: An association study was conducted by genotyping 555 patients with SCCHN and 1367 controls in a Chinese population. Single-variant association analysis was conducted on 63 373 SNPs, and the promising variants were then confirmed by a two-stage validation with 1875 SCCHN cases and 4637 controls. Bioinformatics analysis and functional assays were applied to uncover the potential pathogenic mechanism of the promising variants and genes associated with SCCHN. RESULTS: We first identified three novel genetic variants significantly associated with the risk of SCCHN (p=7.45×10-7 for rs2517611 at 6p22.1, p=1.76×10-9 for rs2524182 at 6p21.33 and p=2.17×10-10 for rs3131018 at 6p21.33). Further analysis and biochemical assays showed that rs3094187, which was in a region in high linkage disequilibrium with rs3131018, could modify TCF19 expression by regulating the binding affinity of the transcription factor SREBF1 to the promoter of TCF19. In addition, experiments revealed that the inhibition of TCF19 may affect several important pathways involved in tumourigenesis and attenuate the cell proliferation and migration of SCCHN. CONCLUSION: These findings offer important evidence that functional genetic variants could contribute to development of SCCHN and that TCF19 may function as a putative susceptibility gene for SCCHN.

Endotracheal cuff undersizing diagnosed by computed tomography: Case report.

We herein report a case in which the trachea could be completely sealed only when the cuff pressure reached 100 cmH2O. An excessive cross-sectional area of the trachea is a rare phenomenon, but we believe that our case will be helpful for clinicians who encounter similar situations.

A fourfold interpenetrating three-dimensional cadmium(II) coordination polymer: synthesis, crystal structure and physical properties.

A novel three-dimensional CdII coordination framework, namely, poly[{µ-bis[4-(2-methylimidazol-1-yl)phenyl] ether-κ2N3:N3'}(µ-naphthalene-1,4-dicarboxylato-κ3O1:O4,O4')cadmium(II)], [Cd(C12H6O4)(C20H18N4O)]n or [Cd(1,4-NDC)(BMIOPE)]n, where 1,4-H2NDC is naphthalene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid and BMIOPE is bis[4-(2-methylimidazol-1-yl)phenyl] ether, has been prepared and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The compound displays a novel fourfold interpenetrating diamond-like network. In addition, it not only shows a strong fluorescence emission in the solid state, but also exhibits excellent photocatalytic activity for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) at room temperature.

[Application effects of fertilizer recommendation by Nutrient Expert System on radish]. / å »åˆ†ä¸“å®¶ç³»ç»ŸæŽ¨èæ–½è‚¥åœ¨èåœä¸Šçš„åº”ç”¨æ•ˆæžœ.

A field experiment was conducted for two seasons to evaluate the application effects of a decision support system named Nutrient Expert on radish based on yield response and agronomic efficiency, to provide theoretical and technical support for convenient and quick recommendation on fertilization management. There were seven treatments: farmer's practice treatment (FP), recommended fertilization treatment based on Nutrient Expert (TE), recommended fertilization treatment based on soil testing (TS), treatment of replacing 30% nitrogen fertilizer with organic fertilizer based on TE (TE+OM), and corresponding nitrogen omission treatment (TE-N), phosphorus omission treatment (TE-P), and potassium omission treatment (TE-K). We measured and compared the effects of different fertilization managements on radish yield, nutrient uptake, fertilizer utilization and fertilization benefit. The results showed that the N, P2O5 and K2O fertilizer applications based on Nutrient Expert were 200, 132 and 215 kg·hm-2 in the first half of the year, and 171, 204 and 251 kg·hm-2 in the second half of the year, respectively. The Nutrient Expert recommended fertilization adjusted the application amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer. Compared with FP treatment, the economic yield of radish in the two-season experiments increased by 14.8% and 18.4%, and the profit of fertilization increased by 20115 and 14905 yuan·hm-2, respectively. Compared with the TS treatment, the economic yield of radish over the two seasons increased by 9.8% and 16.8%, and the profit of fertilization increased by 9076 and 9987 yuan·hm-2, respectively. The Nutrient Expert recommended fertilization improved the agronomic efficiency and nutrient recovery efficiency of radish, and promoted the efficient utilization of nutrients. The reasonable proportion of organic fertilizer in radish production could promote the transfer of plant nutrients to roots to a certain extent. In general, the application of Nutrient Expert on radish was feasible. This method could make full use of the indigenous nutrients of soil, consider the balance and sustainable supply, and reasonably regulate the supply of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and finally result in high yield, high efficiency and sustainable development of radish production.

A Method by Disposable Medical Hydrogel to Reduce Water Vapor in Goggles.

In this letter, we describe a method about disposable medical hydrogel recommended inside surgical masks to reduce the water vapor in the goggles. The introduction is as follows.Level of Evidence V This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 . Letter to the Editor.

[Perinatal antibiotics exposure causes increase in serum 5-hydroxytryptamine level as well as changes in behavior and gastrointestinal motility in the male offspring in mice].

The current study was aimed to investigate the potential effects of perinatal exposure to therapeutic dose of penicillin and cefixime on the cognitive behaviors, gastrointestinal (GI) motility and serum 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) level in the offspring. Pregnant rats were continuously treated with cefixime or penicillin in the period between 1 week before and 1 week after labor. Behavior tests, including social preference, self-grooming and elevated plus maze tests, and intestinal motility tests were carried out on the offspring at age of 4 to 10 weeks. Serum 5-HT levels were detected with ELISA, and potassium/sodium hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 2 (HCN2) and tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1) expression levels in colon epithelium of offspring were detected by Western blot and RT-qPCR. The results showed that, compared with the naive group, cefixime increased social behavior in the female offspring, but did not affect the male offspring. Compared with the naive group, cefixime significantly decreased colonic and intestinal transits, and increased cecum net weight and standardized cecum net weight in the male offspring, but did not affect the female offspring. The serum 5-HT levels in the male offspring, rather than the female offspring, in cefixime and penicillin groups were significantly increased compared with that in the naive group. The protein expression level of HCN2 in colon epithelium of the offspring in cefixime group was significantly down-regulated, and the TPH1 expression level was not significantly changed, compared with that in the naive group. These results suggest that perinatal antibiotics exposure may affect neural development and GI functions of the offspring, and the mechanism may involve peripheral 5-HT and gender-dependent factor.

Genetic Variants Were Associated With the Prognosis of Head and Neck Squamous Carcinoma.

Background: As the sixth most common cancer of worldwide, head and neck cancers (HNC) are springing from oral cavity, pharynx and larynx and there is no strong biomarker for prognosis. Rates of 5 years survival with HNC remain relatively low in decades with improvement of treatments. Evidence that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) play a part in cancer prognosis is growing. Methods: We conducted an exome-wide association study among 261 patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and then validated in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database for survival by using the Cox proportional hazards regression models and Kaplan-Meier analyses. Results: After combining the result of the two stages, 4 SNPs were significantly associated with HNSCC survival (rs16879870 at 6q14.3: adjusted HR = 2.02, 95%CI = 1.50-2.73, P = 3.88 × 10-6; rs2641256 at 17p13.2: adjusted HR = 0.67, 95%CI = 0.56-0.80, P = 7.51 × 10-6; rs2761591 at 11p13: adjusted HR = 2.07, 95%CI = 1.50-2.87, P = 1.16 × 10-5; and rs854936 at 22q11.21: adjusted HR = 1.92, 95%CI = 1.43-2.57, P = 1.27 × 10-5). Besides, we constructed a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) model to estimate predictive effect of the novel SNPs combined with clinical stage in HNSCC prognosis (AUC = 0.715). We also found the genotype of rs16879870 and rs854936 was significantly associated with the expression of gene GJB7 (P = 0.013) and RTN4R (P = 0.047) in cancer tissues of TCGA, respectively. Conclusion: Our findings suggested that the SNPs (rs16879870, rs2641256, rs2761591, rs854936) might play a crucial role in prognosis of HNSCC.

A critical role of the KCa 3.1 channel in mechanical stretch-induced proliferation of rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells.

Mechanical stimulation is an important factor regulating mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) functions such as proliferation. The Ca2+ -activated K+ channel, KCa 3.1, is critically engaged in MSC proliferation but its role in mechanical regulation of MSC proliferation remains unknown. Here, we examined the KCa 3.1 channel expression and its role in rat bone marrow-derived MSC (BMSC) proliferation in response to mechanical stretch. Application of mechanical stretch stimulated BMSC proliferation via promoting cell cycle progression. Such mechanical stimulation up-regulated the KCa 3.1 channel expression and pharmacological or genetic inhibition of the KCa 3.1 channel strongly suppressed stretch-induced increase in cell proliferation and cell cycle progression. These results support that the KCa 3.1 channel plays an important role in transducing mechanical forces to MSC proliferation. Our finding provides new mechanistic insights into how mechanical stimuli regulate MSC proliferation and also a viable bioengineering approach to improve MSC proliferation.

Systematic analyses of genetic variants in chromatin interaction regions identified four novel lung cancer susceptibility loci.

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have reported 45 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that may contribute to the susceptibility of lung cancer, with the majority in non-coding regions. However, no study has ever systematically evaluated the association between SNPs in physical chromatin interaction regions and lung cancer risk. In this study, we integrated the chromatin interaction information (Hi-C data) of lung cancer cell line and conducted a meta-analysis with two Asian GWASs (7,127 cases and 6,818 controls) to evaluate the association of potentially functional SNPs in chromatin interaction regions with lung cancer risk. We identified four novel lung cancer susceptibility loci located at 1q21.1 (rs17160062, P=4.00×10-6), 2p23.3 (rs670343, P=4.87×10-7), 2p15 (rs9309336, P=3.24×10-6) and 17q21.2 (rs9252, P=1.51×10-5) that were significantly associated with lung cancer risk after correction for multiple tests. Functional annotation result indicated that these SNPs may contribute to the development of lung cancer by affecting the availability of transcription factor binding sites. The HaploReg analysis suggested that rs9309336 may affect binding motif of transcription factor Foxp1. Expression quantitative trait loci analysis revealed that rs9309336 and rs17160062 could regulate the expressions of cancer-related genes (PUS10 and CHD1L). Our results revealed that variants in chromatin interaction regions could contribute to the development of lung cancer by regulating the expression of target genes, which providing novel implications for the understanding of functional variants in the development of lung cancer.

Clinical Features and Molecular Markers on Diffuse Midline Gliomas With H3K27M Mutations: A 43 Cases Retrospective Cohort Study.

PURPOSE: Diffuse midline gliomas (DMG) with H3K27M mutations have been identified as a rare distinctive entity with unique genetic features, varied molecular alterations, and poor prognosis. The current study aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics and profile of molecular markers on patients with a DMG harboring H3K27M mutations, and explore the impact of this genetic makeup on overall survival. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 43 consecutive patients diagnosed with a DMG harboring H3K27M mutations (age range 3 to 75 years) and treated in a tertiary institution within China between January 2017 to December 2019. Various clinical and molecular factors were evaluated to assess their prognostic value in this unique patient cohort. RESULTS: The median overall survival (OS) was 12.83 months. Preoperative Karnofsky Performance Score (KPS) and adjuvant radiotherapy were found to be independent clinical parameters influencing the OS by multivariate analysis (p = 0.027 and p < 0.001 respectively). Whereas extent of tumor resection failed to demonstrate statistical significance. For molecular markers, P53 overexpression was identified as a negative prognostic factor for overall survival by multivariate analysis (p = 0.030). CONCLUSION: Low preoperative KPS, absence of radiotherapy and P53 overexpression were identified as predictors of a dismal overall survival in patients with DMG and H3K27M mutations.

[Emission of NH3 and N2O from Spinach Field Treated with Different Fertilizers].

Agricultural management techniques such as fertilizer or manure application have substantial influence on NH3 and N2O emissions and, by understanding this influence, management strategies can be developed to reduce them. An experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at Hunan Agricultural University during 2012 to 2013, to investigate effects of different fertilizers on NH3 and N2O emissions. The treatments included control without fertilizer (CK), swine composting fertilizer (SC), stored swine manure fertilizer (SS), and chemical fertilizer (FC). The fluxes of NH3 and N2O were collected by venting method and static-chamber method, respectively. The results showed that during the spinach growth season, compared with FC, loss of both NH3 and N2O for SC were reduced by 52.9% and 95.12%, respectively(P<0.01). However, loss of NH3 for SS increased by 24.8%, and loss of N2O reduced by 48.8% compared with FC. Loss rate of NH3 were SS (10.97%) > FC (4.19%) > SC(2.74%), and emission coefficient for N2O were FC(4.50%) > SC(2.21%) > SS(0.60%). Yield and utilization of nitrogen for SC were reduced by 19.61% and 13.20% compared with FC, respectively, but not significantly; and significantly reduced by 27.9% and 40.0% compared with SS, respectively. Loss of gases (NH3 and N2O) for SC were 1.83%, which was the lowest, while utilization of nitrogen for SC was 13.20%, similar with FC. Greenhouse temperature was not the critical factor during the spinach planting in winter, but soil water was. Therefore, optimizing manure management could reduce ammonia volatilization and N2O emission loss without decreasing vegetables production, and the present data indicated that SC would be optimal for better yields with reduced ammonia volatilization and N2O emission loss.